Digital Social Sciences ( ISSN: 3078-4980 (Online), 3078-4972 (Print) is an international, open access peer reviewed journal which serves as an interdisciplinary forum for examining the complex interaction between digital technology and society. Digital Social Sciences welcomes submissions from all social science disciplines, including but not limited to digital aspects of arts, humanities, sociology, political science, economics, law, gender studies, and communication as they relate to digital issues like algorithmic governance, digital inequalities, social media's impact on democracy, data ethics, digital labor, and online community formation. The journal prioritizes empirically grounded and theoretically robust studies that develop new concepts, theories, or methodologies appropriate for understanding the digital world, and it encourages contributions with an international viewpoint that are relevant to a global academic and professional audience interested in the social, political, and cultural transformations driven by digital technology.
Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) in AI-Assisted Disclosure
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an integral part of corporate disclosure processes, changing the way that companies create, validate and communicate information to others. The use of AI in decision making and disclosure processes, has revolutionized the governance, in the legal, financial and public administration sectors. Its critical, especially in high-stakes settings such as financial reporting and legal disclosure requirements. Although AI-assisted disclosure is advantageous in terms of efficiency, scalability and analytical capabilities, it poses governance, auditability and explainability challenges. These dimensions are interdependent and current study explores these dimensions highlighting the need for accountability and compliance of human-in-the-loop (HITL) supervision. The study suggests an integrated architecture which includes governance structures, audit trails, explainability techniques and structured human monitoring. Current research analyzes disclosure processes and introduces a new AI-assisted disclosure approach with a Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) system that allows for human oversight, accountability, and trust. EU AI Act, NIST AI RMF, and emerging compliance and open governance practices, should be reviewed regarding their application to HITL systems to investigate trends and patterns in managing ‘black box' risks, audit trails and meaningful explanations. Technical (e.g., XAI techniques such as SHAP/LIME) and procedural safeguards must be combined to provide an effective governance process, holistic HITL supplemented by technical safeguards do not rubber stamp decisions, but instead increase decision quality. Good governance needs to be multi-layered in which there is structured human intervention, regulatory control and technical transparency. A full package approach, combining audit trails, explainability protocols and human review processes is recommended to ensure legally compliant and ethically responsible disclosure when made by AI.
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Ethical Leadership in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Literature Review
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged in organizational settings at a swift pace, fundamentally reshaping the comprehension of ethical leadership. The study, called a systematic literature review, analyzed 87 peer-reviewed studies that were published in the period from 2018 to 2025, to see how AI technologies transform the roles, resources and ethical landscape of organizational leaders. Algorithmic decision-making, automated surveillance and AI-enhanced governance are transforming the existing discourse on ethical leadership – whether that's transformational leadership, servant leadership, or authentic leadership – and we take a look at how they're doing it in this article based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The five thematic clusters we identified are: (1) shifting the moral responsibility for AI from humans to AI systems, (2) algorithmic bias as an ethical leadership problem, (3) transparency and explainability in securing trust of AI system leadership, (4) data governance and data privacy as leadership needs, and (5) building new ethical leadership skills for AI. We suggest an integrative theory, the Responsible AI Leadership Model (RAILM), to combine themes and provide directions for empirical studies in the future.
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Research Ethics in Digital Social Sciences
Since last decade, digital technologies have revolutionized the social science research, due to unlimited access to large-scale behavioral data, computational modelling, and analysis using AI. However, moral issues of privacy, monitoring, algorithmic prejudice, assent, and data breach have emerged simultaneously. Current study explores the relationship between technology ethics, and digital social science, suggesting that methodological innovation in social science is inextricably linked with normative ethical issues. The study explores surveillance capitalism, data ethics, and algorithmic accountability to examine the technological and ethical shifts towards reshaping digital social science. Digital social science can focus pattern recognition over meaningful explanation if it’s does not use a strong theoretical foundation and methodological reflexivity. The study highlights that research ethics boards and regulations, needs to be adjusted to computational research environments. An ethically-centered digital social science, needs transparency, collaborative data stewardship and responsible use of AI. The future of digital social science hinges on combining technological innovation with ethical considerations, with the aim of not sacrificing social responsibility or scientific integrity for the sake of computational power.
AI Surveillance Technologies and Cybersecurity: Bridging National Security and Privacy Rights
The evolution of national security architectures has begun from reactionary monitoring to proactive, predictive, and "intelligent oversight" in the Indian context. Then, the study examines the impact of deploying advanced surveillance technologies such as facial recognition and behavior analytics on the Smart Cities Mission and their supporting effect on public safety as well as creating significant "regulatory gaps" because of increasing surveillance capabilities that cause fundamental privacy violations. The analysis sheds light on how developing these types of sociotechnical harms may create conditions where algorithmic-biased systems of "digital Jim Crow" continue to reinforce existing inequality based on historical factors but are represented as objective data analysis. Finally, the paper examines how India's continued development trajectory compares to regulators across the globe, specifically contrasting the risk-based regulatory regime of the EU with that of China. China’s State centered model, exporting capabilities of surveillance. Ultimately calls for a coordinated strategy, based on the principles of "Industry 5.0", strong legislative oversight and public knowledge, to reconcile demands for national security while maintaining civil rights in a democracy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sujal Chhajed, Yashasvi Bhalse, Harshwardhan Yadav https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Ethical Implications of AI and Big Data in Achieving Sustainable Development: Opportunities and Threats in Governance, Social Welfare, and Global Equity
As Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data rapidly evolve, their integration into sustainable development strategies presents both promising opportunities and profound ethical challenges. This research investigates the dual role of AI and Big Data in shaping governance structures, enhancing social welfare systems, and addressing global equity disparities, while critically examining the ethical tensions that arise. Drawing from a multidisciplinary approach, the study analyzes policy frame- works, case studies, and technological deployments across both developed and developing nations. The research highlights how AI-driven decision-making can improve resource distribution and public service efficiency, while also revealing concerns such as data privacy violations, algorithmic bias, and reinforcement of socio-economic inequalities. Through qualitative content analysis and policy review, this paper contributes to the discourse on responsible AI and ethical data governance, underscoring the need for global cooperation and robust legal frameworks that safeguard human rights while promoting innovation.
The Digital Shield and the Sovereign State: A Constitutional and Legal Analysis of Cybersecurity, Data Privacy, and the DPDPA 2023 in India
India's economy is developing rapidly due to digitization, changing the way citizens interact with the government and improving the way services are delivered. However, significant cybersecurity issues are identified in India's digital system, demanding new ways to protect citizens' "informational privacy”. This study explores the evolution of Indian (privacy) law by significant courts' decisions; starting with M.P. Sharma (1954) and ending with the K.S. Puttaswamy v Union of India (2017) that established the right to privacy as part of the fundamental rights framework established through Article 14, 19, and 21 of the Constitution. Accordingly, a close analysis of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023 (“The DPDPA”) is reported exploring the conflict between state interests and individual liberties and specifically the broad exemptions provided to government agencies pursuant to Section 17 of the DPDPA. It is these same exemptions that some persons believe will enable unchecked government surveillance on an equivalent basis as the “Going Dark” debate related to encrypted data. The paper will focus on the technical aspects of how the laws and regulations defining end-to-end encrypted systems, zero-trust security models (pursuant to CERT-In’s requirements to report breaches within six hours), and the requirements to report breaches/other incidents within six hours can be interpreted and enforced. Comparisons will be made to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union and how there are gaps in the Indian framework that do not ensure regulatory independence and/or facilitate cross-border data transfers. Ultimately, while DPDPA 2023 may represent an important moment in Indian legal history, its success or failure will depend more on the operational independence of the Data Protection Board than on the harmonization of legal requirements with the changing nature of cybersecurity.
cybersecurity and data fiduciary obligations
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Securing Low-Energy Data Centres in Sustainable Cybersecurity Infrastructure
The global digital economy exists on a physical paradox: whilst the ‘cloud’ is an industrial physical infrastructure that uses a lot of electricity, water and other raw materials to operate. The emergence of this paradox has led to a significant doctrinal tension between a government’s obligation for cyber security against its government’s obligation for environmental sustainability as the European Union continues with its “twin transition” of digitisation and decarbonisation. In the paper, I will provide an analysis of the legal and technical implications of this conflict by examining how the NIS 2 Directive, GDPR and the recast Energy Efficiency Directive relate to each other. Finally, I will explain that the move towards using “low-energy” infrastructure will create new vulnerabilities that are not being addressed under current liability frameworks due to the adoption of liquid cooled systems; IoT-driven environmental controls; and lightweight cryptography. In addition, this write up discusses the “Sanitization Paradox”, which is a situation where data protection absolutism requires functional devices to be physically destroyed (shredded), creating a break in the circular economy for Critical Raw Material (CRM) commodities such as Neodymium and Cobalt. This write up synthesizes technical information related to “Green AI” and cryptographic efficiency with legal information regarding tort liability and regulatory compliance in order to propose a standard for “eco-efficient resilience” that balances the demands of security against the demands of sustainability.
Educational and Psychological Consequences of the Internal Migration: Left-behind Children in Nepal
One of the major socioeconomic trends observed globally is internal migration. In Nepal, this trend is particularly significant, with many families' experiencing separation as parents migrate for work while their children remain behind. Although internal migration can improve household income and living conditions, the psychological and educational consequences for left-behind children remain underexplored. This research paper proposes a review of the impact of parental internal migration on children aged 10 to 16, examining both its positive and negative effects and suggesting educational policy responses. Using a comparative research design focused on two residential districts (Salyan and Dang), the study surveyed 354 households. The research employed structured questionnaires to assess demographic profiles, family circumstances, child welfare, and educational outcomes. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, independent sample t-tests, and logistic regression, were used to evaluate the data. Findings suggest that while remittances from migrant parents may improve household conditions, the absence of parents often creates emotional and psychological gaps that affect children’s educational attendance. Regression results indicate that parental absence significantly affects children’s psychosocial well-being, although academic performance was not uniformly negatively impacted. Key factors influencing outcomes included quality of primary care, family functioning, and the presence of social safety nets. The study highlights the importance of community engagement and local support systems in mitigating the adverse effects of parental migration. It recommends policy measures that support the emotional development and education of left-behind children, as well as broader rural development initiatives aimed at addressing the root causes of migration.
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Students’ Views on How Election Campaign Strategies Shaped Newly Registered Voters’ Political Views: A Qualitative Study
Succeeding in any political endeavor requires thoughtful execution. As digital media rose in influence while traditional outreach remained relevant, various campaign strategies were employed to target specific goals. This study aimed to describe students' views on how election campaign strategies shaped newly registered voters' political views. The study adopted a qualitative-descriptive approach, gathering data through a pre-validated, semi-structured written interview guide. Nine (9) newly registered voters from the College of Education were selected through purposive sampling. Clarke and Braun's thematic analysis was used to identify recurring patterns in the data. Seven (7) key themes emerged from the analysis namely: (1) Advertising through social media, (2) Interacting with trending posts and memes, (3) Participating in online discussions, (4) Doing door-to-door campaigning, (5) Using posters, banners and flyers, (6) Organizing rallies, and (7) Displaying campaign slogans, then classified into fifteen (15) categories. Results identified that while digital platforms expanded voters’ exposure to campaign information, conventional methods continued to build trust through personal interaction. The interplay of digital and conventional approaches in election campaigning proves essential in shaping varied political perspectives among young voters.
Local Dwellers’ Socio-emotional-based Connection to a Local Heritage Site
A local heritage site is a culturally, historically, or architecturally significant place that reflects a community’s identity. However, few studies explore how long-term residents develop emotional and social bonds with such sites. Grounded in the theory of community attachment, this study investigates the socio-emotionally based connections of local dwellers to a heritage site. Utilizing a semi-structured, researcher-designed interview guide, data was collected through face-to-face interviews with five purposefully selected residents aged 40 - 80, each of whom had lived near the site for at least ten years. Thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke revealed two (2) overarching themes: (1) Emotion-based connection and (2) Social-based connection - further divided into seven (7) sub-themes: sense of belonging, emotional response, spirituality and religious connection, economic engagement, collective perception of the site, caretaker networks, and collective concerns and preservation efforts, yielding twenty two categories overall. This study concludes that local dwellers possess numerous socio-emotion-based connections to the heritage site, shaped by both emotional and social dimensions of connection, suggesting the site functions as a living part of everyday communal life rather than merely a historical monument.
Historiography and the Role of Muslim Historians in the Pir Panchal Region of Jammu and Kashmir
This research paper examines the historiography of the essential historical region of Jammu and Kashmir, Pir Panchal, in depth, emphasising the historical achievements of Muslim historians and their scholarly and research contributions. The Pir Panchal region is distinguished by its unique geographical location, cultural diversity, and historical significance. Historically, the region has been a crossroads of various civilizations, empires, and cultures, which has given it a prominent place in the history of South Asia. However, in traditional historiography, the historical narrative of Kashmir has been given central importance, while the history of the Pir Panchal region has been neglected. The main objective of this study is to analyse the scholarly efforts of the Muslim historians of Pir Panchal, who have played a key role in preserving the region's historical traditions, cultural heritage, social structure, and political evolution. Through a critical review of primary documents, historical manuscripts, and secondary sources, this paper demonstrates that Muslim historians have given a coherent form to the history of Pir Panchal by adopting a systematic research method and analytical approach. At the same time, an attempt has been made to highlight the distinctive identity of the region in the light of the historical traditions of these historians. Furthermore, this paper sheds light on the scholarly role of the Muslim scholars of Pir Panchal in the broader context of South Asian history. It emphasises that their services are indispensable for understanding the region's past and preserving historical facts. This research highlights an important aspect of local historiography and opens the door to new debates on regional history, cultural studies, and the impact of Islamic civilization.
Humanity and Universality in Mawdudi’s Political Thought: A Critical Exploration of Its Conceptual Foundations and Contemporary Relevance
This research provides an in-depth analysis of the intellectual foundations of humanity and universality in Maulana Abul Ala Maududi’s political philosophy and critically assesses their relevance in the context of his broader theoretical framework. This research explores Maududi’s concepts of social justice, human dignity, and universal ethical principles, which transcend national, ethnic, and cultural divisions and highlight the universal nature of the Islamic political system. Examining Maulana Maududi’s political thought in the light of his key writings, this paper examines the practical application of his ideas in solving modern political problems. In particular, his intellectual contributions to human rights, Islamic governance principles, and religion’s role in politics are highlighted. In addition, this study examines Maududi’s concept of Theo-democracy in the present era, where ethical governance and universal values ​​are at the centre of international political discourse. This research highlights the comprehensiveness of Maududi’s political philosophy, with special emphasis on a balanced model of governance, universal human harmony, and the connection of the political system with religious principles. The main objective of this paper is to reconcile Maududi’s thought with modern political theories and to prove that his concept of government not only reflects Islamic traditions but also offers solutions to the challenges of the present day.
An Overview of Victim Compensation Program with Special Reference to State of Uttar Pradesh
This paper undertakes a critical analysis of the Victim Compensation Schemes of Uttar Pradesh (UP) and examines the frameworks under the broader mandate of Section 357A of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Now 396 Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023). The scheme for compensation to the victims of crimes, established to support crime victims, having the aim to ensure financial relief, rehabilitation, and reintegration of affected individuals into society. Through this paper authors explore the eligibility requirements, compensation limits, procedural challenges, and the role of legal authorities in each scheme. It highlights significant disparities in the handling of cases involving heinous offenses, such as acid attacks, sexual assault, and murder, revealing procedural bottlenecks and gaps in implementation. Using judicial precedents and case studies, the paper provides an assessment of the scheme’s real-world impact, aiming to advance a model that better aligns with principles of restorative justice and victim-centric jurisprudence. Concluding with recommendations, this paper emphasizes the urgent need for reforms to bridge policy gaps and uphold victims’ rights to timely compensation and rehabilitation.
Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanism for Sustainable Development
Disputes are an accepted reality associated with human life. However, numerous problems arise when such disputes are dissolved using methods adopted in rigid legal frameworks. Due to complex procedures inherited from the British legal system, there is a large public mistrust of the existing judicial system. Further, the judicial process is expensive, which hinders the low-income people of the subcontinent to seek justice in the court of law. Consequently, many problems arise that correlate to the judicial mechanism. This article explores the current and upcoming challenges impending the current judicial system, elaborating the possibilities to replace incompetent judicial processes with advanced, stable, and comprehensive Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) instruments to serve proper justice to people leading to peaceful, progressive, and inclusive societies, as mentioned in UN’s Sustainable Development Goal No. 16.
The Cost of Culture: Examining the Socioeconomic Disparities caused by Cockfighting among Ilonggo Bettors
Cockfighting remains a deeply rooted cultural practice in the Philippines; however, when persistently pursued as a form of gambling, it generates significant but often hidden socioeconomic costs. This study explores these socioeconomic disparities caused by persistent cockfighting involvement. Anchored in Becker and Murphy’s (1988) Rational Addiction Theory, it examines how habitual gambling, despite an awareness of long-term harm, follows a rational yet destructive pattern motivated by short-term rewards such as excitement, social connection, and perceived financial gain. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, the study identified three (3) major themes: intensified financial vulnerability, declining employment commitment, and erosion of family relation-ships. These themes encompass twelve (12) subthemes: (1) cockfighting expenses consume daily earnings; (2) bettors borrow to cover losses; (3) savings and income plans are disrupted; (4) loss of financial control; (5) absenteeism from work; (6) declining job performance; (7) weakened work commitment; (8) mismanagement of work schedules; (9) household financial strain; (10) emotional family conflicts; (11) neglect of family roles; and (12) erosion of emotional family support. Findings show that the normalization of cockfighting within com-munities reinforces these destructive behaviors. The study highlights the urgent need for multi-sectoral inter-ventions and further research to address the broader consequences of this culturally embedded yet socially harmful form of gambling.
Rethinking Classroom Assessment: Rural Nepalese Teachers’ Experiences with Formative Practices
Formative assessment remains an evolving practice, and the Continuous Assessment System is widely recognized as one of the most effective pedagogical approaches globally, envisioned to enhance the learning process for students. However, its practical implementation remains limited in many developing nations, particularly in relation to their instructional methodologies. The gap between policy formulation and classroom practice is frequently overlooked, especially when considering the insights of a secondary-level teacher from Baghchaur Municipality, Nepal, whose reflections informed the understanding of CAS's effectiveness and the challenges impeding its application. This convergent mixed methods study employed a census-based sampling strategy, incorporating all 40 teachers from 20 secondary schools within municipalities offering subjects such as Health, Population, and Social Studies. The study utilized a combination of randomized open-ended and Likert-scale questions, with the instrument's reliability confirmed by a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency distributions) and inferential statistical techniques, including independent samples t-tests and one-way ANOVA, both grounded in chi-square analysis. Thematic analysis was also applied to data from non-observation periods, which provided critical qualitative insights. One of the central findings indicated that teachers generally held positive perceptions of CAS, acknowledging its potential to enrich instructional opportunities. Furthermore, many educators believed that CAS could reduce purposeless absenteeism (M = 4.45, SD = 0.81), support consistent graduation rates (M = 4.40, SD = 0.78), and enhance both academic achievement and teaching licensure outcomes (M = 4.30, SD = 0.83). Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences based on gender or teaching experience (p > .05), indicating that challenges related to CAS implementation are commonly experienced across demographics. Thematic analysis identified three major barriers: acute shortages of resources and disproportionate student-teacher ratios; insufficient and ineffective professional development initiatives; and external systemic influences that are both unsupportive and underdeveloped. The study revealed that while experienced educators recognize the pedagogical value of CAS, its effective implementation is hindered by a persistent gap between policy and practice. CAS should be viewed as a flexible, evolving process requiring ongoing improvement. Achieving meaningful reform demands strategic resource allocation, sustained teacher development, and the integration of formative assessment into school culture.
Innovative Technologies in Supply Chain Management for Bangladesh’s Readymade Garments Sector – A Comprehensive Review
Ready-Made Garments (RMG) sector is crucial to Bangladesh's economy, significantly contributing to GDP, employment, and exports. However, supply chain management (SCM) inefficiencies, such as poor demand forecasting, inventory management, logistics, and quality control, pose persistent challenges. This study investigates the potential of integrating advanced technologies like AI, IoT, blockchain, Big Data Analytics, and automation to improve SCM in the Bangladeshi RMG sector. Through a review of literature, industry reports, and case studies, the study assesses the benefits and challenges of technology adoption in the sector. Advanced technologies can enhance visibility, efficiency, quality control, decision-making, and sustainability in SCM. However, challenges such as high costs, data privacy, technical complexity, and resistance to change require strategic planning to overcome. Adopting these technologies can significantly improve the RMG sector's efficiency and global competitiveness, requiring collaboration between policymakers and industry leaders. This study provides a concise analysis of technology integration in Bangladeshi RMG SCM, offering balanced insights to guide future research and industry practices.
Impact of family financial pressure on voluntary work performances OCB & CWBs: Mediating role of family motivation and self-control
This study aims to highlight the determinants and pathways that trigger employee functional and detrimental voluntary work performances i.e. OCB & CWBs. It is unclear whether family financial pressure is functional or nonfunctional for generating voluntary work behaviors. This study spotlights the paradoxical nature of family financial pressure. We theorize that family financial pressure is a double-edged sword that can produce positive OCB and negative CWBs employee voluntary work behaviors. We have collected data from manufacturing and service sector employees working in different organizations in Pakistan. This study found that family financial pressure is the salient determinant that can generate both functional voluntary work performance OCB and counterproductive voluntary work performance CWBs through unique pathways i.e. family motivation, state self-control failure. Family motivation acts as a partial mediator between family financial pressure and OCB and state self-control failure also partially mediated the link between family financial pressure and CWBs. The practical and theoretical implications are also discussed in this study.
Administrative Contracts: Reflections on the limitations of exorbitant clauses
In view of the inherent prerogatives of the Public Power vis-à-vis private individuals in administrative contracts, this article aims to reflect on exorbitant clauses in administrative contracts, their use, their characteristics, their species and their limitations. Based on this analysis, the topic of certain rights and guarantees in the Constitution was explored, such as the supremacy of the public interest over the private interest and economic and financial equilibrium. In order to carry out this work, a study was carried out through bibliographical research, analysis of legal provisions and doctrinal teachings in the areas of constitutional and administrative law. In fact, due to these principles, the feasibility and possibility of restricting the indiscriminate and abusive use of exorbitant clauses by the Public Administration was verified, since the legitimate use of such prerogatives is not indiscriminate and can be mitigated.
Critical roles of leadership and management to the suffocation of tertiary education sector during the Covid-19 pandemic: A critique of human migration
This research explores the coping mechanisms of the tertiary education sector during the Covid-19 pandemic from the point of view of the restricted human migration. The research is conceptual and empirical in nature within the qualitative research paradigm. Interviewing technique and narrative enquiry were employed to generate data pertaining to the restricted human mobility during the Covid-19 pandemic. Out of the population of 25 public higher education institutions, in South Africa, only 2 were conveniently sampled for intensive study on restricted human migration of their employees during the Covid-19 lockdown. This paper is therefore, a case study of 2 public higher education institutions. Research findings revealed that firstly, organisational efficacy took a nosedive during the Covid-19 pandemic. Secondly, there was a controversy of the mandatory immunizations within the migrants. Thirdly, the application of migration segregation aggravated the state of affairs. Fourthly, inhibition of the already planned face-to-face conference attendance crippled the education sector. Lastly, compromising of quality assessment practices particularly at institutions of higher learning was a disservice and disruptions to the education sector. Exemption of the education sector from the suffocation of restrictive health protocols in case of similar Covid-19 pandemics in future is recommended.
Cut a Tree, Cut a Man: Charcoal Production as a Bane to Green Economy in Nigeria
Symbiotically speaking, cutting a tree is akin to cutting a man or any of its counterparts in the animal kingdom. Besides solar energy, heat energy's role in humans’ daily life calls for its taming, artificial ignition, and fuelling of same for its reuse as and when due. Hence, humans’ ability to ignite and fuel fire marked a significant achievement in human evolution. Meanwhile, wood was the most traditional source of fuel in human history, which is, mainly, of two forms: firewood and charcoal. Dried wood was the common source of fuel for domestic cooking and commercial use both in the rural and urban areas in the primitive era. Although, firewood has relatively little burden on nature, charcoal, which has more adverse effects on the environment, is now taking over. Sadly, the discovery of better alternative sources such as LPG and electricity could not bring about a remarkable shift in many developing nations, including Nigeria, despite their efficiency. Taking expository and critical analysis methodologies, this paper argues that wood-fuelling hinders the achievement of the green economy in Africa, and it persists for many reasons; poor state of electricity, unavailability and/or unaffordability of the LPG, poverty, poor environmental awareness, unsophisticated and poor enforcement of environmental laws and lack of compensation for the conservators among others. In addition to the ever-suggested solutions, this paper recommends a ‘carrot and cane' system. By this, the offenders should not only be accordingly penalised but also the conservers be compensated duly. It also recommends the use of briquettes as viable alternatives.