AI Surveillance Technologies and Cybersecurity: Bridging National Security and Privacy Rights

Abstract

The evolution of national security architectures has begun from reactionary monitoring to proactive, predictive, and "intelligent oversight" in the Indian context. Then, the study examines the impact of deploying advanced surveillance technologies such as facial recognition and behavior analytics on the Smart Cities Mission and their supporting effect on public safety as well as creating significant "regulatory gaps" because of increasing surveillance capabilities that cause fundamental privacy violations. The analysis sheds light on how developing these types of sociotechnical harms may create conditions where algorithmic-biased systems of "digital Jim Crow" continue to reinforce existing inequality based on historical factors but are represented as objective data analysis. Finally, the paper examines how India's continued development trajectory compares to regulators across the globe, specifically contrasting the risk-based regulatory regime of the EU with that of China. China’s State centered model, exporting capabilities of surveillance. Ultimately calls for a coordinated strategy, based on the principles of "Industry 5.0", strong legislative oversight and public knowledge, to reconcile demands for national security while maintaining civil rights in a democracy.